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2013注册会计师考试《审计》徐永涛老师考前提示三

来源: 正保会计网校论坛 编辑: 2013/09/26 11:03:30 字体:

  【提示】如果试题要求有用英文答题的,该题必须全部用英文回答,如果交叉用中/英文回答,按中文答题评分,且只看中文部分,尽管英文部分是正确的,也不得分。

  一般专业外语考试评分规则如下:

  1.英文专业词汇优先。关键专业词汇必须具备,有语法小错及拼写错误(包括专业词汇拼写错),不影响意思理解的,得分。

  2.关键专业词汇不具备,不得分。

  3.语法及拼写错误众多,严重影响意思理解的,不得分。

  所以本期考前提示,我给大家收集了审计中常用英文名词,按教材顺序提示如下:

  审计概论

  受托责任关系(accountability)

  政府审计(government audit)

  内部审计(internal audit)

  注册会计师审计(independent audit)

  鉴证业务三方关系(a three party relationship)

  鉴证对象(subject matter)

  标准(criteria)

  证据(evidence)

  报告(report)

  执业者(Practitioner)

  责任方(Responsible Party)

  预期使用者(Intended Users)

  审计定义

  审计是一个系统的过程,它通过客观地获取并评价与经济行为和事项的认定有关的证据,以确定这些认定与既定标准之间的一致程度,并将结果传达给利害关系人。

  Auditing is a systematic process of objectively obtaining and evaluating evidence regarding assertions about economic actions and events to ascertain the degree of correspondence between those assertions and established criteria and communicating the results to interested users.

  法律责任

  职业责任(professional responsibility)

  法律责任(legal liability)

  违约(breach of contract)

  过失(negligence)

  欺诈(fraud)

  合理谨慎(reasonable care)

  应有的职业谨慎(due professional care)

  普通过失(ordinary negligence): 缺少应有的职业谨慎(lack of reasonable care)

  重大过失(gross negligence):缺少起码的职业谨慎(lack of even slight care,reckless)

  推定欺诈(constructive fraud)

  行政责任(administrative liability)

  民事责任(civil liability)

  刑事责任(criminal liability)

  无过失行为(non-negligent performance)

  共同过失(contributory negligence)

  缺少因果联系(lack of causal connection)

  合理保证业务(reasonable assurance engagement)

  有限保证业务(limited assurance engagement)

  职业怀疑态度

  职业怀疑态度是指注册会计师以质疑的思维方式评价所获取审计证据的有效性,并对相互矛盾的审计证据,以及引起对文件记录或管理层和治理层提供的信息的可靠性产生怀疑的审计证据保持警觉。

  An attitude of professional skepticism means the auditor makes a critical assessment,with a questioning mind,of the validity of audit evidence obtained and is alert to audit evidence that contradicts or brings into question the reliability of documents and responses to inquiries and other information obtained from management and those charged with governance.

  质量控制与职业道德

  招聘(Recruitment)

  业绩评价(Performance evaluation)

  人员素质(Capabilities)

  专业胜任能力(Competence)

  职业发展(Career development)

  晋升(Promotion)

  薪酬(Compensation)

  人员需求预测(The estimation of personnel needs)

  指导(guidance)、监督(supervision)、复核(review)

  职业道德(Professional Ethics)

  职业道德基本原则

  诚信(integrity)

  客观(objectivity)

  职业行为(professional conduct)

  保密(confidentiality)

  专业胜任能力与应有的关注(professional competence and due care)

  对职业道德基本原则的影响因素

  自身利益(self-interest)

  自我评价(self-review)

  外在压力(intimidation)

  过度推介(advocacy)

  密切关系(familiarity)

  网络事务所(network firm)

  第二次意见(second opinion)

  礼品与招待(gift and hospitality)

  审计目标

  审计总目标(overall audit objective)

  审计具体目标(specific audit objective)

  通用目的(general purpose)

  特殊目的(special purpose)

  公允(fairness)

  会计政策(accounting policy)

  会计估计(accounting estimates)

  职业怀疑态度(professional skepticism)

  认定(assertion) 明确(explicit) 隐含(implicit)

  认定的分类

  交易相关的认定(transaction related):

  发生(occurrence)

  完整性(completeness)

  准确性(accuracy)

  截止(cut-off)

  分类(classification)

  账户余额相关的认定(account balances related):

  存在(existence)

  权利和义务(rights and obligations)

  完整性(completeness)

  计价和分摊(valuation and allocation)

  列报相关的认定(presentation and disclosure related):

  发生及权利和义务(occurrence and rights and obligations)

  完整性(completeness)

  分类和可理解性(classification and understandability)

  准确性和计价(accuracy and valuation)

  审计计划

  初步业务活动(Preliminary Engagement Activities)

  审计计划(audit planning)

  总体审计策略(The Overall Audit Strategy)

  具体审计计划(The audit plan)

  审计重要性(materiality)

  错报与漏报(omission or misstatement)

  尚未更正错报的汇总数(aggregate of uncorrected misstatements)

  推断误差(projected errors)

  重大错报风险(Risk of Material Misstatement,RMM)

  固有风险(Inherent Risk,IR)

  控制风险(Control Risk, CR)

  检查风险(Detection Risk,DR)

  可接受的审计风险(Acceptable Audit Risk,AAR)

  可接受的检查风险(Planned Detection Risk)

  PDR= AAR/RMM

  PDR= AAR/(IR×CR)

  假设AAR为5%,IR为80%,CR为80%,则CPA的考虑是什么?PDR 为多少?

  审计证据与工作底稿

  证据的充分性(Sufficiency of Evidence)

  证据的适当性(Appropriateness of Evidence)

  相关性(relevance)、可靠性(reliability)

  审计程序

  检查记录与文件(Inspection of Records or Documents)

  检查有形资产(Inspection of Tangible Assets)

  观察(Observation)

  询问(Inquiry)

  函证(Confirmation)

  重新计算(Re-calculation)

  重新执行(Re-performing)

  分析程序(Analytical Procedures)

  审计工作底稿(work papers)

  永久性档案(permanent files)

  当期性档案(current files)

  识别特征(Identifying Characteristics)

  审计抽样

  非抽样风险(non-sampling risk)

  抽样风险(sampling risk)

  信赖过度风险(risk of over-reliance)

  信赖不足风险(risk of under-reliance)

  误拒风险(risk of incorrect rejection)

  误受风险(risk of incorrect acceptance)

  统计抽样( statistical sampling)

  非统计抽样(non- statistical sampling)

  随机选取样本(random sample selection)

  分层(stratification)

  可容忍错报(tolerable misstatement)

  偏差率(exception rate)

  计算偏差率上限(computer upper exception rate,CUER)

  简单随机选样(random sample)

  系统选样(systematic sample selection)

  样本规模(sample size)

  可接受的误受风险(acceptable risk of incorrect acceptance,ARIA)

  均值估计(mean-per-unit estimation)

  差额估计(difference estimation)

  比率估计(ratio estimation)

  概率比例规模抽样法(probability-proportion-to-size,PPS)

  风险评估和风险应对

  风险评估的内容

  行业状况、法律环境与监管环境以及其他外部因素( Industry,regulatory,and other external factors,including the applicable financial reporting framework)

  被审计单位的性质(Nature of the entity)

  被审计单位对会计政策的选择和运用(The entity's selection and application of accounting policies)

  被审计单位的目标、战略以及相关经营风险(Objectives and strategies and the related business risks that may result in a material misstatement of the financial statements)

  被审计单位财务业绩的衡量和评价(Measurement and review of the entity's financial performance)

  被审计单位的内部控制(Internal control)

  内部控制的要素

  控制环境(control environment)

  风险评估(Risk Assessment)

  控制活动(Control Activities)

  信息系统与沟通(Information System and Communication)

  对于控制的监督(Monitoring)

  控制活动

  授权(authorization)

  业绩评价(performance review)

  信息处理(information processing)

  实物控制(physical control)

  职责分离(separation of duties)

  预防性控制(preventive control)

  检查性控制(detective control)

  特别风险(significant risk)

  实质性方案(substantive approach,an emphasis on substantive procedures)

  综合性方案(combined approach,an approach that uses tests of controls as well as substantive procedures)

  双重目的测试(dual purpose test)

  细节测试(test of details)

  实质性分析程序(substantive analytical procedure)

  风险评估程序(Risk Assessment Procedures)

  了解内部控制程序(Procedures to Obtain an Understanding of Internal Control)

  控制测试(Test of Controls)

  实质性程序(Substantive Procedures)

  实质性分析程序(Substantive Analytical Procedures)

  细节测试(Test of Details)

  舞弊审计

  舞弊定义

  The term “fraud” refers to an intentional act by one or more individuals among management,those charged with governance,employees,or third parties,involving the use of deception to obtain an unjust or illegal advantage.

  对财务信息做出虚假报告(fraudulent financial reporting)

  侵占资产(misappropriation of assets)

  舞弊因素(fraud risk factors)

  动机/压力(Incentive/pressure)

  机会(opportunity)

  借口(rationalization)

  审计报告

  标准审计报告(standard unqualified audit report)

  无保留意见报告(unqualified audit report)

  非无保留意见的审计报告(modified audit report)

  带强调事项段(an emphasis of matter paragraph)的无保留意见报告

  保留意见(qualified opinion)审计报告

  否定意见(adverse opinion)审计报告

  无法表示意见(disclaimer of opinion)审计报告

  标准审计报告的组成部分

  标题(title)

  收件人(addressee)

  引言段(introductory paragraph)

  管理层对财务报表的责任段(management's responsibility for the financial statements)

  注册会计师责任段(auditor's responsibility)

  审计意见段(auditor's opinion)

  注册会计师签名和盖章(auditor's signature)

  会计师事务所名称、地址和盖章(auditor's signature)

  报告日期(date of auditor's report)

  相关链接
  2013注册会计师考试《审计》徐永涛老师考前提示一
  2013注册会计师考试《审计》徐永涛老师考前提示二
  2013注册会计师考试《审计》徐永涛老师考前提示四

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